QR Codes and Barcodes in the Warehouse: How to Use Them

Barcodes in the warehouse: the basics

Barcodes are everywhere. Virtually every product you pick up carries a barcode or 2D code. In warehouses, these codes are used to identify products, mark locations, and process orders.

But what types of barcodes are there, and how do you use them effectively in order picking?

Commonly used barcode formats

EAN barcodes

The EAN barcode — the familiar black-and-white striped code — is the most common format on consumer products. EAN-13 (13 digits) is used worldwide, while EAN-8 (8 digits) is used for smaller packaging. Chances are your products already have an EAN code.

QR codes

QR codes (Quick Response) are square 2D codes that can hold far more data than a traditional barcode. They are easy to generate and scan, even with a regular smartphone camera. QR codes are increasingly used for order processing, location identification, and product information.

Data Matrix

Data Matrix is a compact 2D barcode format widely used in industry and logistics. It is particularly robust: even if part of the code is damaged, it can often still be read. Data Matrix codes are ideal for small surfaces.

Scanning with your phone

Traditionally, warehouses used dedicated handheld terminals (also known as handheld scanners or RF scanners) to read barcodes. These devices are effective but come with significant costs — both in purchase and in maintenance.

Modern smartphones have cameras powerful enough to read all common barcode formats. Software that uses the phone's camera makes expensive hardware unnecessary. Employees simply use their own phone or an inexpensive company phone.

Barcodes in order picking

In order picking, barcodes can be used in several ways:

• Product identification: Scan the barcode on the product to confirm the correct item was picked.
• Order identification: Use a QR code on the packing slip or order label to open an order quickly.
• Location codes: Attach QR codes to racks or bins to mark locations and speed up searching.

What if you don't have barcodes yet?

Not every product has a barcode, and not every warehouse uses codes on locations yet. That does not have to be an obstacle. Many order picking systems offer the option to check off products manually. You can introduce barcodes step by step — for example, by starting with QR codes on orders and later adding codes to products and locations as well.

Tips for using barcodes

• Start with what you have: Many products already have an EAN code. Make use of it before printing new labels.
• Choose the right format: QR codes are versatile and easy to generate. For industrial applications, Data Matrix may be a better choice.
• Test readability: Make sure codes are clearly readable under the lighting conditions in your warehouse.
• Use durable labels: In a warehouse environment, labels are exposed to wear and tear. Choose material that can take a beating.

Further reading

• QR code scanning with OrderPiQR — Scan with your own phone
• Order picking software — All features at a glance
• From paper pick lists to digital picking